{ "schema_version": "1.0", "generated_from": [ "data/sources.json", "data/chapters.json" ], "sources": [ { "id": "acm-artifact-review", "title": "Artifact Review and Badging", "authors": "Association for Computing Machinery", "publisher": "ACM Publications", "year": 2026, "url": "https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/artifact-review-and-badging-current", "kind": "official reproducibility policy", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "36-python-and-quantum-programming-workflow", "39-cirq-and-alternative-toolchains", "42-benchmarking-quantum-programs", "44-reproducible-quantum-labs", "71-application-evidence-levels", "72-when-to-build-partner-wait-or-avoid", "73-quantum-company-landscape", "74-hardware-modality-diligence", "75-software-and-developer-platform-diligence", "77-application-company-diligence", "78-supply-chain-and-infrastructure-diligence", "79-market-timing-and-wedge-selection", "80-moats-partnerships-and-standards", "81-reading-roadmaps-like-an-operator", "82-investment-memo-and-startup-thesis-templates", "83-full-stack-algorithm-trace", "84-hardware-constrained-lab", "85-application-evidence-dossier", "86-company-diligence-memo", "87-public-playground-mvp" ] }, { "id": "bb84-1984", "title": "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing", "authors": "Charles H. Bennett and Gilles Brassard", "publisher": "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing / IBM Research", "year": 1984, "url": "https://research.ibm.com/publications/quantum-cryptography-public-key-distribution-and-coin-tossing", "kind": "primary conference paper", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "26-quantum-key-distribution", "68-cryptography-pqc-qkd-and-security-migration", "70-sensing-navigation-and-adjacent-quantum-technologies" ] }, { "id": "bell-1964", "title": "On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox", "authors": "John S. Bell", "publisher": "Physics Physique Fizika", "year": 1964, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "orientation-03-multi-qubit-circuits-entanglement-and-no-hype", "07-entanglement-without-faster-than-light-myths", "20-bell-states-and-ghz-states", "23-bell-tests-and-nonclassical-correlations", "70-sensing-navigation-and-adjacent-quantum-technologies", "87-public-playground-mvp" ] }, { "id": "benchmarking-2025", "title": "Benchmarking quantum computers", "authors": "Timothy Proctor et al.", "publisher": "Nature Reviews Physics", "year": 2025, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-024-00796-z", "kind": "peer-reviewed perspective", "used_by": [ "38-qiskit-primitives-and-circuit-execution", "40-transpilation-and-hardware-aware-compilation", "41-noise-models-and-noisy-simulation", "42-benchmarking-quantum-programs", "52-logical-qubits-and-reliable-operations", "53-useful-quantum-computers-are-systems-engineering-projects", "54-full-quantum-computer-stack", "63-quantum-centric-supercomputing-and-hybrid-workflows", "64-what-makes-a-problem-quantum-suitable", "67-optimization-where-caution-is-required", "69-quantum-machine-learning-and-benchmark-discipline", "71-application-evidence-levels", "72-when-to-build-partner-wait-or-avoid", "73-quantum-company-landscape", "74-hardware-modality-diligence", "75-software-and-developer-platform-diligence", "77-application-company-diligence", "78-supply-chain-and-infrastructure-diligence", "79-market-timing-and-wedge-selection", "81-reading-roadmaps-like-an-operator", "82-investment-memo-and-startup-thesis-templates", "83-full-stack-algorithm-trace", "84-hardware-constrained-lab", "85-application-evidence-dossier", "86-company-diligence-memo", "87-public-playground-mvp" ] }, { "id": "bennett-reversible", "title": "Logical reversibility of computation", "authors": "Charles H. Bennett", "publisher": "IBM Journal of Research and Development", "year": 1973, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.176.0525", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "02-classical-information-gates-circuits-reversibility", "18-controlled-gates-and-reversible-classical-computation" ] }, { "id": "bernstein-vazirani", "title": "Quantum complexity theory", "authors": "Ethan Bernstein and Umesh Vazirani", "publisher": "SIAM Journal on Computing", "year": 1997, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539796300921", "kind": "primary paper", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "orientation-04-quantum-algorithms-and-speedups", "27-oracles-and-query-complexity", "28-deutsch-deutsch-jozsa-and-bernstein-vazirani", "29-simon-and-hidden-structure", "30-grover-and-amplitude-amplification" ] }, { "id": "bosonic-binomial-qec", "title": "Quantum error correction and universal gate set operation on a binomial bosonic logical qubit", "authors": "L. Hu et al.", "publisher": "Nature Physics", "year": 2019, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0414-3", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "60-cat-qubits-and-bosonic-encodings" ] }, { "id": "bosonic-break-even", "title": "Beating the break-even point with a discrete-variable-encoded logical qubit", "authors": "Zhongchu Ni et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2023, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05784-4", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "60-cat-qubits-and-bosonic-encodings" ] }, { "id": "bosonic-review", "title": "Quantum information processing with bosonic qubits in circuit QED", "authors": "Yvonne Y. Gao et al.", "publisher": "PRX Quantum", "year": 2021, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abe989", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "50-ldpc-bosonic-cat-gkp-and-topological-approaches", "60-cat-qubits-and-bosonic-encodings" ] }, { "id": "cirq-docs", "title": "Cirq documentation", "authors": "Google Quantum AI", "publisher": "Google", "year": 2026, "url": "https://quantumai.google/cirq", "kind": "official documentation", "used_by": [ "36-python-and-quantum-programming-workflow", "37-building-a-small-simulator-from-scratch", "39-cirq-and-alternative-toolchains", "40-transpilation-and-hardware-aware-compilation", "41-noise-models-and-noisy-simulation", "42-benchmarking-quantum-programs", "44-reproducible-quantum-labs", "69-quantum-machine-learning-and-benchmark-discipline", "72-when-to-build-partner-wait-or-avoid", "73-quantum-company-landscape", "75-software-and-developer-platform-diligence", "78-supply-chain-and-infrastructure-diligence", "79-market-timing-and-wedge-selection", "80-moats-partnerships-and-standards", "81-reading-roadmaps-like-an-operator", "82-investment-memo-and-startup-thesis-templates", "84-hardware-constrained-lab", "85-application-evidence-dossier", "86-company-diligence-memo", "87-public-playground-mvp" ] }, { "id": "cryo-cmos-control", "title": "CMOS-based cryogenic control of silicon quantum circuits", "authors": "Xiao Xue et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2021, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03469-4", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed engineering experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "62-cryogenics-control-packaging-and-manufacturing" ] }, { "id": "dense-coding", "title": "Communication via one- and two-particle operators on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states", "authors": "Charles H. Bennett and Stephen J. Wiesner", "publisher": "Physical Review Letters", "year": 1992, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2881", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "24-superdense-coding" ] }, { "id": "deutsch-1985", "title": "Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the universal quantum computer", "authors": "David Deutsch", "publisher": "Proceedings of the Royal Society A", "year": 1985, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1985.0070", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "28-deutsch-deutsch-jozsa-and-bernstein-vazirani" ] }, { "id": "divincenzo-criteria", "title": "The physical implementation of quantum computation", "authors": "David P. DiVincenzo", "publisher": "Fortschritte der Physik", "year": 2000, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3978(200009)48:9/11%3C771::AID-PROP771%3E3.0.CO;2-E", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed perspective", "used_by": [ "orientation-06-hardware-architecture-and-the-full-stack", "01-computation-is-physical", "53-useful-quantum-computers-are-systems-engineering-projects", "54-full-quantum-computer-stack", "57-neutral-atoms", "62-cryogenics-control-packaging-and-manufacturing" ] }, { "id": "error-mitigation-review", "title": "Quantum error mitigation", "authors": "Zhenyu Cai et al.", "publisher": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "year": 2023, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.95.045005", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "46-error-mitigation-vs-error-correction" ] }, { "id": "fault-tolerant-roads", "title": "Roads towards fault-tolerant universal quantum computation", "authors": "Earl T. Campbell, Barbara M. Terhal, and Christophe Vuillot", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2017, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23460", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "orientation-05-noise-error-correction-and-fault-tolerance", "43-resource-estimation-for-fault-tolerant-algorithms", "45-decoherence-and-error-channels", "46-error-mitigation-vs-error-correction", "47-stabilizers-and-syndrome-measurement", "48-repetition-bit-flip-phase-flip-and-shor-codes", "49-surface-codes-and-threshold-intuition", "50-ldpc-bosonic-cat-gkp-and-topological-approaches", "51-decoders-and-real-time-classical-control", "52-logical-qubits-and-reliable-operations", "53-useful-quantum-computers-are-systems-engineering-projects", "76-error-correction-stack-diligence" ] }, { "id": "feynman-1982", "title": "Simulating physics with computers", "authors": "Richard P. Feynman", "publisher": "International Journal of Theoretical Physics", "year": 1982, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650179", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "01-computation-is-physical", "34-hamiltonian-simulation", "64-what-makes-a-problem-quantum-suitable", "65-quantum-simulation-and-chemistry", "66-materials-energy-and-industrial-science", "70-sensing-navigation-and-adjacent-quantum-technologies" ] }, { "id": "fu-kane-majorana", "title": "Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator", "authors": "Liang Fu and C. L. Kane", "publisher": "Physical Review Letters", "year": 2008, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.096407", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed theory paper", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "61-topological-qubits-and-evidence-standards" ] }, { "id": "full-stack-review", "title": "A look at the full stack", "authors": "Lieven M. K. Vandersypen et al.", "publisher": "Nature Reviews Physics", "year": 2021, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-021-00301-w", "kind": "peer-reviewed perspective", "used_by": [ "orientation-06-hardware-architecture-and-the-full-stack", "16-circuit-notation-as-programming-language", "22-circuit-cost-depth-width-gate-set-connectivity", "40-transpilation-and-hardware-aware-compilation", "45-decoherence-and-error-channels", "49-surface-codes-and-threshold-intuition", "51-decoders-and-real-time-classical-control", "52-logical-qubits-and-reliable-operations", "53-useful-quantum-computers-are-systems-engineering-projects", "54-full-quantum-computer-stack", "55-superconducting-qubits", "56-trapped-ions", "57-neutral-atoms", "58-photonics", "59-silicon-spin-qubits", "60-cat-qubits-and-bosonic-encodings", "61-topological-qubits-and-evidence-standards", "62-cryogenics-control-packaging-and-manufacturing", "63-quantum-centric-supercomputing-and-hybrid-workflows", "68-cryptography-pqc-qkd-and-security-migration", "70-sensing-navigation-and-adjacent-quantum-technologies", "72-when-to-build-partner-wait-or-avoid", "73-quantum-company-landscape", "74-hardware-modality-diligence", "75-software-and-developer-platform-diligence", "78-supply-chain-and-infrastructure-diligence", "80-moats-partnerships-and-standards", "83-full-stack-algorithm-trace", "84-hardware-constrained-lab", "86-company-diligence-memo", "87-public-playground-mvp" ] }, { "id": "gao-quantum", "title": "Quantum Computing and Communications: Status and Prospects", "authors": "U.S. Government Accountability Office", "publisher": "GAO", "year": 2021, "url": "https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-104422", "kind": "government technology assessment", "used_by": [ "orientation-07-applications-evidence-and-strategy", "64-what-makes-a-problem-quantum-suitable", "65-quantum-simulation-and-chemistry", "66-materials-energy-and-industrial-science", "67-optimization-where-caution-is-required", "68-cryptography-pqc-qkd-and-security-migration", "70-sensing-navigation-and-adjacent-quantum-technologies", "71-application-evidence-levels", "72-when-to-build-partner-wait-or-avoid", "73-quantum-company-landscape", "74-hardware-modality-diligence", "75-software-and-developer-platform-diligence", "76-error-correction-stack-diligence", "77-application-company-diligence", "78-supply-chain-and-infrastructure-diligence", "79-market-timing-and-wedge-selection", "81-reading-roadmaps-like-an-operator", "82-investment-memo-and-startup-thesis-templates", "84-hardware-constrained-lab", "85-application-evidence-dossier", "86-company-diligence-memo", "87-public-playground-mvp" ] }, { "id": "gidney-ekera-2021", "title": "How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits", "authors": "Craig Gidney and Martin Ekerå", "publisher": "Quantum", "year": 2021, "url": "https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-04-15-433", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed resource estimate", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "33-shor-as-period-finding", "43-resource-estimation-for-fault-tolerant-algorithms", "49-surface-codes-and-threshold-intuition", "52-logical-qubits-and-reliable-operations", "53-useful-quantum-computers-are-systems-engineering-projects", "68-cryptography-pqc-qkd-and-security-migration", "76-error-correction-stack-diligence", "81-reading-roadmaps-like-an-operator" ] }, { "id": "gkp-2001", "title": "Encoding a qubit in an oscillator", "authors": "Daniel Gottesman, Alexei Kitaev, and John Preskill", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "year": 2001, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.64.012310", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "50-ldpc-bosonic-cat-gkp-and-topological-approaches", "60-cat-qubits-and-bosonic-encodings", "74-hardware-modality-diligence", "76-error-correction-stack-diligence" ] }, { "id": "google-surface-code-below-threshold", "title": "Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold", "authors": "Google Quantum AI and Collaborators", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2025, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08449-y", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "43-resource-estimation-for-fault-tolerant-algorithms", "54-full-quantum-computer-stack", "55-superconducting-qubits" ] }, { "id": "gorini-kossakowski-sudarshan-1976", "title": "Completely positive dynamical semigroups of N-level systems", "authors": "Vittorio Gorini, Andrzej Kossakowski, and E. C. G. Sudarshan", "publisher": "Journal of Mathematical Physics", "year": 1976, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.522979", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed theory paper", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "41-noise-models-and-noisy-simulation" ] }, { "id": "gottesman-stabilizer", "title": "Stabilizer codes and quantum error correction", "authors": "Daniel Gottesman", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology / arXiv", "year": 1997, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9705052", "kind": "doctoral thesis", "used_by": [ "orientation-05-noise-error-correction-and-fault-tolerance", "46-error-mitigation-vs-error-correction", "47-stabilizers-and-syndrome-measurement", "48-repetition-bit-flip-phase-flip-and-shor-codes", "51-decoders-and-real-time-classical-control", "52-logical-qubits-and-reliable-operations", "76-error-correction-stack-diligence" ] }, { "id": "grover-1996", "title": "A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search", "authors": "Lov K. Grover", "publisher": "Proceedings of STOC", "year": 1996, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/237814.237866", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "orientation-04-quantum-algorithms-and-speedups", "30-grover-and-amplitude-amplification", "67-optimization-where-caution-is-required", "83-full-stack-algorithm-trace" ] }, { "id": "ion-review", "title": "Quantum computing with trapped ions", "authors": "H. Häffner, C. F. Roos, and R. Blatt", "publisher": "Physics Reports", "year": 2008, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2008.09.003", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "56-trapped-ions" ] }, { "id": "kitaev-anyons", "title": "Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons", "authors": "A. Yu. Kitaev", "publisher": "Annals of Physics", "year": 2003, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4916(02)00018-0", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed theory paper", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "61-topological-qubits-and-evidence-standards" ] }, { "id": "kitaev-phase-estimation", "title": "Quantum measurements and the Abelian Stabilizer Problem", "authors": "A. Yu. Kitaev", "publisher": "arXiv", "year": 1995, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9511026", "kind": "primary preprint", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "32-phase-estimation" ] }, { "id": "lindblad-1976", "title": "On the generators of quantum dynamical semigroups", "authors": "Göran Lindblad", "publisher": "Communications in Mathematical Physics", "year": 1976, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01608499", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed theory paper", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "41-noise-models-and-noisy-simulation" ] }, { "id": "lloyd-simulation", "title": "Universal quantum simulators", "authors": "Seth Lloyd", "publisher": "Science", "year": 1996, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5278.1073", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "34-hamiltonian-simulation", "64-what-makes-a-problem-quantum-suitable", "65-quantum-simulation-and-chemistry", "66-materials-energy-and-industrial-science" ] }, { "id": "majorana-evidence-review", "title": "Milestones toward Majorana-based quantum computing", "authors": "David Aasen et al.", "publisher": "Physical Review X", "year": 2016, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016", "kind": "peer-reviewed evidence roadmap", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "50-ldpc-bosonic-cat-gkp-and-topological-approaches", "61-topological-qubits-and-evidence-standards" ] }, { "id": "modular-superconducting-interconnects", "title": "Low-loss interconnects for modular superconducting quantum processors", "authors": "Jingjing Niu et al.", "publisher": "Nature Electronics", "year": 2023, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-023-00925-z", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "55-superconducting-qubits", "62-cryogenics-control-packaging-and-manufacturing" ] }, { "id": "mourik-majorana-signatures", "title": "Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices", "authors": "Vincent Mourik et al.", "publisher": "Science", "year": 2012, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1222360", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "61-topological-qubits-and-evidence-standards" ] }, { "id": "national-academies", "title": "Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects", "authors": "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", "publisher": "National Academies Press", "year": 2019, "url": "https://doi.org/10.17226/25196", "kind": "consensus study report", "used_by": [ "00-how-to-use-the-book-layer", "orientation-01-computation-information-and-qubits", "orientation-05-noise-error-correction-and-fault-tolerance", "orientation-06-hardware-architecture-and-the-full-stack", "orientation-07-applications-evidence-and-strategy", "01-computation-is-physical", "04-qubits-without-mysticism", "05-measurement-and-what-it-does-not-mean", "06-interference-as-engine-of-quantum-algorithms", "13-tensor-products-and-state-space-growth", "22-circuit-cost-depth-width-gate-set-connectivity", "27-oracles-and-query-complexity", "30-grover-and-amplitude-amplification", "32-phase-estimation", "33-shor-as-period-finding", "34-hamiltonian-simulation", "35-variational-algorithms-and-their-limits", "64-what-makes-a-problem-quantum-suitable", "65-quantum-simulation-and-chemistry", "66-materials-energy-and-industrial-science", "68-cryptography-pqc-qkd-and-security-migration", "70-sensing-navigation-and-adjacent-quantum-technologies", "71-application-evidence-levels", "72-when-to-build-partner-wait-or-avoid", "79-market-timing-and-wedge-selection", "80-moats-partnerships-and-standards", "81-reading-roadmaps-like-an-operator", "82-investment-memo-and-startup-thesis-templates", "85-application-evidence-dossier", "86-company-diligence-memo" ] }, { "id": "neutral-atom-logical-processor", "title": "Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays", "authors": "Dolev Bluvstein et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2024, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06927-3", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "57-neutral-atoms" ] }, { "id": "neutral-atom-parallel-gates", "title": "High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer", "authors": "Simon J. Evered et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2023, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06481-y", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "57-neutral-atoms" ] }, { "id": "neutral-atoms-review", "title": "Many-body physics with individually controlled Rydberg atoms", "authors": "Antoine Browaeys and Thierry Lahaye", "publisher": "Nature Physics", "year": 2020, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0733-z", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "57-neutral-atoms" ] }, { "id": "nielsen-chuang", "title": "Quantum Computation and Quantum Information", "authors": "Michael A. Nielsen and Isaac L. Chuang", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "year": 2010, "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/quantum-computation-and-quantum-information/01E10196D0A682A6AEFFEA52D53BE9AE", "kind": "textbook", "used_by": [ "00-how-to-use-the-book-layer", "orientation-01-computation-information-and-qubits", "orientation-02-amplitudes-measurement-and-gates", "orientation-03-multi-qubit-circuits-entanglement-and-no-hype", "orientation-04-quantum-algorithms-and-speedups", "01-computation-is-physical", "02-classical-information-gates-circuits-reversibility", "03-probability-vs-amplitude", "04-qubits-without-mysticism", "05-measurement-and-what-it-does-not-mean", "06-interference-as-engine-of-quantum-algorithms", "07-entanglement-without-faster-than-light-myths", "08-complex-numbers-for-quantum-computing", "09-vectors-bases-and-amplitudes", "10-inner-products-orthogonality-and-projection", "11-matrices-as-gates", "12-unitary-operations-and-reversibility", "13-tensor-products-and-state-space-growth", "14-observables-eigenvectors-and-measurement", "15-density-matrices-and-mixed-states", "16-circuit-notation-as-programming-language", "17-one-qubit-gates-and-bloch-sphere", "18-controlled-gates-and-reversible-classical-computation", "19-multi-qubit-circuits", "20-bell-states-and-ghz-states", "21-no-cloning-and-why-copying-breaks-quantum-logic", "22-circuit-cost-depth-width-gate-set-connectivity", "23-bell-tests-and-nonclassical-correlations", "24-superdense-coding", "25-teleportation", "26-quantum-key-distribution", "27-oracles-and-query-complexity", "28-deutsch-deutsch-jozsa-and-bernstein-vazirani", "29-simon-and-hidden-structure", "30-grover-and-amplitude-amplification", "31-quantum-fourier-transform", "32-phase-estimation", "33-shor-as-period-finding", "34-hamiltonian-simulation", "35-variational-algorithms-and-their-limits", "37-building-a-small-simulator-from-scratch", "38-qiskit-primitives-and-circuit-execution", "41-noise-models-and-noisy-simulation", "45-decoherence-and-error-channels", "46-error-mitigation-vs-error-correction", "47-stabilizers-and-syndrome-measurement", "48-repetition-bit-flip-phase-flip-and-shor-codes", "49-surface-codes-and-threshold-intuition", "50-ldpc-bosonic-cat-gkp-and-topological-approaches", "51-decoders-and-real-time-classical-control", "52-logical-qubits-and-reliable-operations" ] }, { "id": "nisq-algorithms-review", "title": "Noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms", "authors": "Kishor Bharti et al.", "publisher": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "year": 2022, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.94.015004", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "67-optimization-where-caution-is-required", "77-application-company-diligence" ] }, { "id": "nisq-preskill", "title": "Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond", "authors": "John Preskill", "publisher": "Quantum", "year": 2018, "url": "https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79", "kind": "peer-reviewed perspective", "used_by": [ "orientation-07-applications-evidence-and-strategy", "35-variational-algorithms-and-their-limits", "45-decoherence-and-error-channels", "46-error-mitigation-vs-error-correction", "71-application-evidence-levels" ] }, { "id": "nist-pqc", "title": "Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards", "authors": "National Institute of Standards and Technology", "publisher": "NIST", "year": 2024, "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-cryptography/post-quantum-cryptography-standardization", "kind": "official standardization project", "used_by": [ "26-quantum-key-distribution", "68-cryptography-pqc-qkd-and-security-migration", "80-moats-partnerships-and-standards" ] }, { "id": "nist-pqc-migration", "title": "Transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards", "authors": "Dustin Moody et al.", "publisher": "National Institute of Standards and Technology", "year": 2024, "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8547/ipd", "kind": "official transition guidance (initial public draft)", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "26-quantum-key-distribution", "68-cryptography-pqc-qkd-and-security-migration", "80-moats-partnerships-and-standards" ] }, { "id": "no-cloning", "title": "A single quantum cannot be cloned", "authors": "William K. Wootters and Wojciech H. Zurek", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 1982, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/299802a0", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "21-no-cloning-and-why-copying-breaks-quantum-logic", "25-teleportation", "47-stabilizers-and-syndrome-measurement" ] }, { "id": "openqasm3", "title": "OpenQASM 3 specification", "authors": "OpenQASM Technical Steering Committee", "publisher": "Linux Foundation Joint Development Foundation", "year": 2026, "url": "https://openqasm.com/", "kind": "official technical specification", "used_by": [ "orientation-06-hardware-architecture-and-the-full-stack", "09-vectors-bases-and-amplitudes", "16-circuit-notation-as-programming-language", "19-multi-qubit-circuits", "22-circuit-cost-depth-width-gate-set-connectivity", "36-python-and-quantum-programming-workflow", "37-building-a-small-simulator-from-scratch", "38-qiskit-primitives-and-circuit-execution", "39-cirq-and-alternative-toolchains", "40-transpilation-and-hardware-aware-compilation", "44-reproducible-quantum-labs", "63-quantum-centric-supercomputing-and-hybrid-workflows", "64-what-makes-a-problem-quantum-suitable", "65-quantum-simulation-and-chemistry", "66-materials-energy-and-industrial-science", "67-optimization-where-caution-is-required", "69-quantum-machine-learning-and-benchmark-discipline", "70-sensing-navigation-and-adjacent-quantum-technologies", "72-when-to-build-partner-wait-or-avoid", "73-quantum-company-landscape", "74-hardware-modality-diligence", "75-software-and-developer-platform-diligence", "77-application-company-diligence", "78-supply-chain-and-infrastructure-diligence", "79-market-timing-and-wedge-selection", "80-moats-partnerships-and-standards", "81-reading-roadmaps-like-an-operator", "82-investment-memo-and-startup-thesis-templates", "83-full-stack-algorithm-trace", "84-hardware-constrained-lab", "85-application-evidence-dossier", "86-company-diligence-memo", "87-public-playground-mvp" ] }, { "id": "photonic-manufacturable-platform", "title": "A manufacturable platform for photonic quantum computing", "authors": "PsiQuantum Team", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2025, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08820-7", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed engineering paper", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "58-photonics" ] }, { "id": "photonic-many-qubit-chip", "title": "Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip", "authors": "J. M. Arrazola et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2021, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "58-photonics" ] }, { "id": "photonic-programmable-advantage", "title": "Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor", "authors": "Lars S. Madsen et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2022, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04725-x", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "58-photonics" ] }, { "id": "photonic-review", "title": "Photonic quantum technologies", "authors": "Jeremy L. O'Brien, Akira Furusawa, and Jelena Vučković", "publisher": "Nature Photonics", "year": 2009, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2009.229", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "58-photonics" ] }, { "id": "preskill-notes", "title": "Lecture Notes for Physics 219: Quantum Computation", "authors": "John Preskill", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "year": 2018, "url": "https://www.preskill.caltech.edu/ph219/", "kind": "graduate lecture notes", "used_by": [ "00-how-to-use-the-book-layer", "orientation-01-computation-information-and-qubits", "orientation-02-amplitudes-measurement-and-gates", "orientation-03-multi-qubit-circuits-entanglement-and-no-hype", "orientation-04-quantum-algorithms-and-speedups", "01-computation-is-physical", "02-classical-information-gates-circuits-reversibility", "03-probability-vs-amplitude", "04-qubits-without-mysticism", "05-measurement-and-what-it-does-not-mean", "06-interference-as-engine-of-quantum-algorithms", "07-entanglement-without-faster-than-light-myths", "08-complex-numbers-for-quantum-computing", "09-vectors-bases-and-amplitudes", "10-inner-products-orthogonality-and-projection", "11-matrices-as-gates", "12-unitary-operations-and-reversibility", "13-tensor-products-and-state-space-growth", "14-observables-eigenvectors-and-measurement", "15-density-matrices-and-mixed-states", "16-circuit-notation-as-programming-language", "17-one-qubit-gates-and-bloch-sphere", "18-controlled-gates-and-reversible-classical-computation", "19-multi-qubit-circuits", "20-bell-states-and-ghz-states", "21-no-cloning-and-why-copying-breaks-quantum-logic", "22-circuit-cost-depth-width-gate-set-connectivity", "23-bell-tests-and-nonclassical-correlations", "24-superdense-coding", "25-teleportation", "26-quantum-key-distribution", "27-oracles-and-query-complexity", "28-deutsch-deutsch-jozsa-and-bernstein-vazirani", "29-simon-and-hidden-structure", "30-grover-and-amplitude-amplification", "31-quantum-fourier-transform", "32-phase-estimation", "34-hamiltonian-simulation", "41-noise-models-and-noisy-simulation", "45-decoherence-and-error-channels", "47-stabilizers-and-syndrome-measurement", "48-repetition-bit-flip-phase-flip-and-shor-codes", "49-surface-codes-and-threshold-intuition" ] }, { "id": "qaoa-2014", "title": "A Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm", "authors": "Edward Farhi, Jeffrey Goldstone, and Sam Gutmann", "publisher": "arXiv", "year": 2014, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.4028", "kind": "primary preprint", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "orientation-07-applications-evidence-and-strategy", "35-variational-algorithms-and-their-limits", "64-what-makes-a-problem-quantum-suitable", "66-materials-energy-and-industrial-science", "67-optimization-where-caution-is-required", "69-quantum-machine-learning-and-benchmark-discipline", "71-application-evidence-levels", "77-application-company-diligence" ] }, { "id": "qft-coppersmith", "title": "An approximate Fourier transform useful in quantum factoring", "authors": "Don Coppersmith", "publisher": "IBM Research report / arXiv", "year": 2002, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0201067", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "31-quantum-fourier-transform", "32-phase-estimation", "33-shor-as-period-finding" ] }, { "id": "qir-alliance-specification", "title": "Quantum Intermediate Representation specification and projects", "authors": "QIR Alliance", "publisher": "Linux Foundation Joint Development Foundation", "year": 2026, "url": "https://www.qir-alliance.org/projects/", "kind": "official technical specification", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "37-building-a-small-simulator-from-scratch", "38-qiskit-primitives-and-circuit-execution", "63-quantum-centric-supercomputing-and-hybrid-workflows" ] }, { "id": "qiskit-docs", "title": "Qiskit documentation", "authors": "IBM Quantum", "publisher": "IBM", "year": 2026, "url": "https://quantum.cloud.ibm.com/docs/en/guides", "kind": "official documentation", "used_by": [ "36-python-and-quantum-programming-workflow", "37-building-a-small-simulator-from-scratch", "38-qiskit-primitives-and-circuit-execution", "39-cirq-and-alternative-toolchains", "40-transpilation-and-hardware-aware-compilation", "41-noise-models-and-noisy-simulation", "42-benchmarking-quantum-programs", "43-resource-estimation-for-fault-tolerant-algorithms", "44-reproducible-quantum-labs", "63-quantum-centric-supercomputing-and-hybrid-workflows", "65-quantum-simulation-and-chemistry", "67-optimization-where-caution-is-required", "69-quantum-machine-learning-and-benchmark-discipline", "72-when-to-build-partner-wait-or-avoid", "73-quantum-company-landscape", "75-software-and-developer-platform-diligence", "77-application-company-diligence", "78-supply-chain-and-infrastructure-diligence", "79-market-timing-and-wedge-selection", "80-moats-partnerships-and-standards", "81-reading-roadmaps-like-an-operator", "82-investment-memo-and-startup-thesis-templates", "83-full-stack-algorithm-trace", "84-hardware-constrained-lab", "85-application-evidence-dossier", "86-company-diligence-memo", "87-public-playground-mvp" ] }, { "id": "qml-challenges", "title": "Challenges and opportunities in quantum machine learning", "authors": "Marco Cerezo et al.", "publisher": "Nature Computational Science", "year": 2022, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-022-00311-3", "kind": "peer-reviewed perspective", "used_by": [ "orientation-07-applications-evidence-and-strategy", "35-variational-algorithms-and-their-limits", "69-quantum-machine-learning-and-benchmark-discipline" ] }, { "id": "qml-review", "title": "Quantum machine learning", "authors": "Jacob Biamonte et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2017, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23474", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "69-quantum-machine-learning-and-benchmark-discipline" ] }, { "id": "quantum-chemistry-review", "title": "Quantum Chemistry in the Age of Quantum Computing", "authors": "Yudong Cao et al.", "publisher": "Chemical Reviews", "year": 2019, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00803", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "orientation-07-applications-evidence-and-strategy", "34-hamiltonian-simulation", "65-quantum-simulation-and-chemistry", "66-materials-energy-and-industrial-science" ] }, { "id": "quantum-computers-review", "title": "Quantum computers", "authors": "T. D. Ladd et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2010, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08812", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "orientation-06-hardware-architecture-and-the-full-stack", "17-one-qubit-gates-and-bloch-sphere", "45-decoherence-and-error-channels", "53-useful-quantum-computers-are-systems-engineering-projects", "74-hardware-modality-diligence" ] }, { "id": "quantum-sensing-review", "title": "Quantum sensing", "authors": "C. L. Degen, F. Reinhard, and P. Cappellaro", "publisher": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "year": 2017, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.89.035002", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "70-sensing-navigation-and-adjacent-quantum-technologies" ] }, { "id": "query-lower-bounds", "title": "Quantum lower bounds by polynomials", "authors": "Robert Beals, Harry Buhrman, Richard Cleve, Michele Mosca, and Ronald de Wolf", "publisher": "Journal of the ACM", "year": 2001, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/502090.502097", "kind": "primary paper", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "67-optimization-where-caution-is-required", "83-full-stack-algorithm-trace" ] }, { "id": "randomized-benchmarking", "title": "Scalable and robust randomized benchmarking of quantum processes", "authors": "Easwar Magesan, J. M. Gambetta, and Joseph Emerson", "publisher": "Physical Review Letters", "year": 2011, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.180504", "kind": "primary paper", "verified": "2026-08-13", "used_by": [ "41-noise-models-and-noisy-simulation", "42-benchmarking-quantum-programs", "71-application-evidence-levels", "73-quantum-company-landscape", "74-hardware-modality-diligence", "78-supply-chain-and-infrastructure-diligence", "82-investment-memo-and-startup-thesis-templates", "83-full-stack-algorithm-trace", "84-hardware-constrained-lab", "86-company-diligence-memo" ] }, { "id": "shor-1997", "title": "Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer", "authors": "Peter W. Shor", "publisher": "SIAM Journal on Computing", "year": 1997, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539795293172", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "orientation-04-quantum-algorithms-and-speedups", "31-quantum-fourier-transform", "32-phase-estimation", "33-shor-as-period-finding", "68-cryptography-pqc-qkd-and-security-migration" ] }, { "id": "shor-code-1995", "title": "Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory", "authors": "Peter W. Shor", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "year": 1995, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.52.R2493", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "orientation-05-noise-error-correction-and-fault-tolerance", "46-error-mitigation-vs-error-correction", "47-stabilizers-and-syndrome-measurement", "48-repetition-bit-flip-phase-flip-and-shor-codes", "76-error-correction-stack-diligence" ] }, { "id": "silicon-digital-qpu", "title": "A digitally controlled silicon quantum processing unit", "authors": "Michael Abraham et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2026, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10754-7", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "54-full-quantum-computer-stack", "59-silicon-spin-qubits" ] }, { "id": "silicon-six-qubit-processor", "title": "Universal control of a six-qubit quantum processor in silicon", "authors": "Stephan G. J. Philips et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2022, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05117-x", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "59-silicon-spin-qubits" ] }, { "id": "silicon-spin-qec", "title": "Quantum error correction with silicon spin qubits", "authors": "Kenta Takeda et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2022, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04986-6", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "59-silicon-spin-qubits" ] }, { "id": "simon-1997", "title": "On the power of quantum computation", "authors": "Daniel R. Simon", "publisher": "SIAM Journal on Computing", "year": 1997, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1137/S0097539796298637", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "orientation-04-quantum-algorithms-and-speedups", "29-simon-and-hidden-structure" ] }, { "id": "spin-review", "title": "Semiconductor spin qubits", "authors": "Guido Burkard et al.", "publisher": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "year": 2023, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.95.025003", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "59-silicon-spin-qubits" ] }, { "id": "steane-code-1996", "title": "Error correcting quantum code", "authors": "Andrew M. Steane", "publisher": "Physical Review Letters", "year": 1996, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.793", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "orientation-05-noise-error-correction-and-fault-tolerance", "46-error-mitigation-vs-error-correction", "48-repetition-bit-flip-phase-flip-and-shor-codes", "76-error-correction-stack-diligence" ] }, { "id": "superconducting-review", "title": "Superconducting qubits: Current state of play", "authors": "Morten Kjaergaard et al.", "publisher": "Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics", "year": 2020, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050605", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "55-superconducting-qubits", "62-cryogenics-control-packaging-and-manufacturing" ] }, { "id": "superconducting-through-silicon-vias", "title": "Solid-state qubits integrated with superconducting through-silicon vias", "authors": "D. R. W. Yost et al.", "publisher": "npj Quantum Information", "year": 2020, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-020-00289-8", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed engineering experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "62-cryogenics-control-packaging-and-manufacturing" ] }, { "id": "surface-codes-2012", "title": "Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation", "authors": "Austin G. Fowler et al.", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "year": 2012, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.86.032324", "kind": "peer-reviewed review", "used_by": [ "orientation-05-noise-error-correction-and-fault-tolerance", "43-resource-estimation-for-fault-tolerant-algorithms", "45-decoherence-and-error-channels", "47-stabilizers-and-syndrome-measurement", "49-surface-codes-and-threshold-intuition", "50-ldpc-bosonic-cat-gkp-and-topological-approaches", "51-decoders-and-real-time-classical-control", "52-logical-qubits-and-reliable-operations", "53-useful-quantum-computers-are-systems-engineering-projects", "76-error-correction-stack-diligence" ] }, { "id": "teleportation", "title": "Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels", "authors": "Charles H. Bennett et al.", "publisher": "Physical Review Letters", "year": 1993, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1895", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "21-no-cloning-and-why-copying-breaks-quantum-logic", "25-teleportation" ] }, { "id": "transmon-design-2007", "title": "Charge-insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box", "authors": "Jens Koch et al.", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "year": 2007, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.042319", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed theory and design paper", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "55-superconducting-qubits" ] }, { "id": "trapped-ion-98-qubit", "title": "A 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer with all-to-all connectivity", "authors": "Anthony Ransford et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2026, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10676-4", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "56-trapped-ions" ] }, { "id": "trapped-ion-fault-tolerant-control", "title": "Fault-tolerant control of an error-corrected qubit", "authors": "Laird Egan et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2021, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03928-y", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "56-trapped-ions" ] }, { "id": "trapped-ion-qccd", "title": "Demonstration of the trapped-ion quantum CCD computer architecture", "authors": "J. M. Pino et al.", "publisher": "Nature", "year": 2021, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03318-4", "kind": "primary peer-reviewed experiment", "verified": "2026-08-14", "used_by": [ "56-trapped-ions" ] }, { "id": "vqe-2014", "title": "A variational eigenvalue solver on a photonic quantum processor", "authors": "Alberto Peruzzo et al.", "publisher": "Nature Communications", "year": 2014, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5213", "kind": "primary paper", "used_by": [ "35-variational-algorithms-and-their-limits", "63-quantum-centric-supercomputing-and-hybrid-workflows", "64-what-makes-a-problem-quantum-suitable", "65-quantum-simulation-and-chemistry", "66-materials-energy-and-industrial-science", "69-quantum-machine-learning-and-benchmark-discipline", "71-application-evidence-levels", "75-software-and-developer-platform-diligence", "77-application-company-diligence", "79-market-timing-and-wedge-selection", "85-application-evidence-dossier" ] }, { "id": "watrous-tqi", "title": "The Theory of Quantum Information", "authors": "John Watrous", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press / University of Waterloo", "year": 2018, "url": "https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~watrous/TQI/", "kind": "textbook", "used_by": [ "orientation-02-amplitudes-measurement-and-gates", "orientation-03-multi-qubit-circuits-entanglement-and-no-hype", "03-probability-vs-amplitude", "04-qubits-without-mysticism", "05-measurement-and-what-it-does-not-mean", "06-interference-as-engine-of-quantum-algorithms", "07-entanglement-without-faster-than-light-myths", "08-complex-numbers-for-quantum-computing", "09-vectors-bases-and-amplitudes", "10-inner-products-orthogonality-and-projection", "11-matrices-as-gates", "12-unitary-operations-and-reversibility", "13-tensor-products-and-state-space-growth", "14-observables-eigenvectors-and-measurement", "15-density-matrices-and-mixed-states", "17-one-qubit-gates-and-bloch-sphere", "18-controlled-gates-and-reversible-classical-computation", "19-multi-qubit-circuits", "20-bell-states-and-ghz-states", "21-no-cloning-and-why-copying-breaks-quantum-logic", "23-bell-tests-and-nonclassical-correlations", "24-superdense-coding", "25-teleportation", "27-oracles-and-query-complexity", "28-deutsch-deutsch-jozsa-and-bernstein-vazirani", "29-simon-and-hidden-structure", "30-grover-and-amplitude-amplification", "31-quantum-fourier-transform", "32-phase-estimation", "45-decoherence-and-error-channels" ] } ] }